Lamenting Karbala in Europe: Husayni Liturgy and Discourses of Dissent amongst Diasporic Bahraini and Lebanese Shiis

The presence of Shii communities in Europe is increasingly felt, especially as they establish independent religious and social infrastructures. Supporters different Shii–Islamist political parties have established transnational links connecting diasporic with their countries origin. These shaped been by religious, dynamics the Middle East. This article examines how lamentation poetry performed ritual gatherings used to articulate dissent among communities. lachrymal expressions descriptions that characterize ritualistic function metaphorically identifying participants Imam Husayn his cause. Organizers these gatherings, however, use narrate give meaning geopolitical developments East, since Anglo-American invasion Iraq toppling Saddam Hussein 2003. constitutes first attempt examine contextualization poetry, embedded within discourses two Islamist parties, al-Wefaq Movement Bahrain Hizbullah Lebanon. Unlike other studies on practices, it informed a multi-sited ethnographic study female-only male-dominated spaces United Kingdom, Sweden, Lebanon, Bahrain.